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Henry IV (April 3, 1367 – March 20, 1413) was born at Bolingbroke Castle
in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, "Henry of
Bolingbroke". His father, John of Gaunt, was the third and oldest surviving
son of King Edward III of England, and enjoyed a position of considerable
influence during much of the reign of Richard II. Henry's mother was Blanche,
heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates.
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Henry
enjoyed a rather more equivocal relationship with Richard II than his
father had: they were first cousins and childhood playmates. They were
admitted together to the Order of the Garter in 1377, but Henry participated
in the Lords Appellant’s rebellion against the king in 1387. After regaining
power, Richard did not punish Henry (many of the other rebellious barons
were executed or exiled). In fact, Richard elevated Henry from earl of
Derby to Duke of Hereford.
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